@article{mayer2026heico,title={HeiCo-FOCUS: A Clinically Grounded Dataset for Long-Context Video Understanding},author={Mayer, Leon and Luttner, Lucas and Godau, Patrick and Fritzsche, Kai and Reinke, Annika and Boland, Leonie and Brandt, Jule and Heinecke, Janne and Nobuhara, Chloe K and Holzwarth, Niklas and Christodoulou, Evangelia and Knopp, Marcel and Michael, Dominik and Piermarco, Pascale and Neyaz, Saliq and {\"O}zarslan, Korhan Derin and Hennighausen, Jakob and Aumente-Maestro, Carlos and R{\"a}dsch, Tim and Baji, Dheeraj and Full, Peter Maximilian and Aichholz, Finn and Erpenbeck, Justus Veit and Schott, Linus Finn and Winkelhausen, Bastian and de Boer, Claas and G{\"u}ttner, Bianca and Hummel, Anneli and Just, Gregor and Kirchner, Max and Li, Chenyang and Raffaut, Rozenn and Rodriguez, Ariel and Venkatesh, Danush Kumar and Wang, Kevin and Xu, Jinjing and Sheikh Zeinoddin, Mona and Khan, Salman and Pausch, Thomas M and Speidel, Stefanie and Stoyanov, Danail and Hashimoto, Daniel A and Kolbinger, Fiona R and Weiser, Thomas G and Maier-Hein, Lena},journal={arXiv preprint},year={2026},}
npj Digit Med
Large-scale Self-supervised Video Foundation Model for Intelligent Surgery
Shu Yang, Fengtao Zhou, Leon Mayer, and 16 more authors
@article{yang2025large,title={Large-scale Self-supervised Video Foundation Model for Intelligent Surgery},author={Yang, Shu and Zhou, Fengtao and Mayer, Leon and Huang, Fuxiang and Chen, Yiliang and Wang, Yihui and He, Sunan and Nie, Yuxiang and Wang, Xi and S{\"u}mer, {\"O}mer and Jin, Yueming and Sun, Huihui and Xu, Shuchang and Liu, Alex Qinyang and Li, Zheng and Qin, Jing and Teoh, Jeremy YuenChun and Maier-Hein, Lena and Chen, Hao},journal={npj Digital Medicine},volume={9},number={1},pages={220},year={2026},publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London},}
2025
arXiv
6 Fingers, 1 Kidney: Natural Adversarial Medical Images Reveal Critical Weaknesses of Vision-Language Models
Leon Mayer, Piotr Kalinowski, Caroline Ebersbach, and 6 more authors
@article{mayer20256,title={6 Fingers, 1 Kidney: Natural Adversarial Medical Images Reveal Critical Weaknesses of Vision-Language Models},author={Mayer, Leon and Kalinowski, Piotr and Ebersbach, Caroline and Knopp, Marcel and R{\"a}dsch, Tim and Christodoulou, Evangelia and Reinke, Annika and Kolbinger, Fiona R and Maier-Hein, Lena},journal={arXiv preprint},year={2025},}
arXiv
Current validation practice undermines surgical AI development
Annika Reinke, Ziying O Li, Minu D Tizabi, and 97 more authors
@article{reinke2025current,title={Current validation practice undermines surgical AI development},author={Reinke, Annika and Li, Ziying O and Tizabi, Minu D and Andr{\'e}, Pascaline and Knopp, Marcel and Rother, Mika M and Machado, Ines P and Altieri, Maria S and Alapatt, Deepak and Bano, Sophia and Bodenstedt, Sebastian and Burgert, Oliver and Chen, Elvis C S and Collins, Justin W and Colliot, Olivier and Christodoulou, Evangelia and Czempiel, Tobias and Das, Adrito and Docea, Reuben and Donoho, Daniel and Dou, Qi and Eckhoff, Jennifer and Engelhardt, Sandy and Fichtinger, Gabor and Fuernstahl, Philipp and Garc{\'i}a Kilroy, Pablo and Giannarou, Stamatia and Gilbert, Stephen and Gockel, Ines and Godau, Patrick and G{\"o}deke, Jan and Grantcharov, Teodor P and Haidegger, Tamas and Hann, Alexander and Hashizume, Makoto and Heitz, Charles and Hisey, Rebecca and Hoffmann, Hanna and Huaulm{\'e}, Arnaud and J{\"a}ger, Paul F and Jannin, Pierre and Jarc, Anthony and Jena, Rohit and Jin, Yueming and Joskowicz, Leo and Joyeux, Luc and Kirchner, Max and Krieger, Axel and Kronreif, Gernot and Lam, Kyle and Laufer, Shlomi and Lavanchy, Jo{\"e}l L and Lee, Gyusung I and Lim, Robert and Liu, Peng and Luttner, Lucas and Marcus, Hani J and Mascagni, Pietro and Mayer, Leon and Meireles, Ozanan R and Mueller, Beat P and M{\"u}ndermann, Lars and Nakawala, Hirenkumar and Navab, Nassir and Ndong, Abdourahmane and Neumann, Juliane and Nickel, Felix and Nolden, Marco and Nwoye, Chinedu and Oh, Namkee and Padoy, Nicolas and Pausch, Thomas and Pfeiffer, Micha and R{\"a}dsch, Tim and Ren, Hongliang and Rieke, Nicola and Rivoir, Dominik and Sarikaya, Duygu and Schmidgall, Samuel and Seibold, Matthias and Seidlitz, Silvia and Seitel, Alexander and Sharan, Lalith and Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H and Srivastav, Vinkle and Sznitman, Raphael and Taylor, Russell and Tran, Thuy N and Unberath, Mathias and van der Sommen, Fons and Wagner, Martin and Yamlahi, Amine and Zhou, Shaohua K and Zia, Aneeq and Madani, Amin and Stoyanov, Danail and Speidel, Stefanie and Hashimoto, Daniel A and Kolbinger, Fiona R and Maier-Hein, Lena},journal={arXiv preprint},year={2025},}
J Robot Surg
Application of artificial intelligence in esophageal surgery: a systematic review
Janosch Kröger, Nicolas Jorek, Alexander Seitel, and 8 more authors
@article{kroger2025application,title={Application of artificial intelligence in esophageal surgery: a systematic review},author={Kr{\"o}ger, Janosch and Jorek, Nicolas and Seitel, Alexander and Mayer, Leon and Salg, Gabriel A and Crnovrsanin, Nerma and Pianka, Frank and Pausch, Thomas and Maier-Hein, Lena and Michalski, Christoph and Nienh{\"u}ser, Henrik},journal={Journal of Robotic Surgery},volume={19},number={1},pages={694},year={2025},publisher={Springer},}
arXiv
Challenging Vision-Language Models with Surgical Data: A New Dataset and Broad Benchmarking Study
Leon Mayer, Tim Rädsch, Dominik Michael, and 8 more authors
@article{mayer2025challenging,title={Challenging Vision-Language Models with Surgical Data: A New Dataset and Broad Benchmarking Study},author={Mayer, Leon and R{\"a}dsch, Tim and Michael, Dominik and Luttner, Lucas and Yamlahi, Amine and Christodoulou, Evangelia and Godau, Patrick and Knopp, Marcel and Reinke, Annika and Kolbinger, Fiona and Maier-Hein, Lena},journal={arXiv preprint},year={2025},}
arXiv
False Promises in Medical Imaging AI? Assessing Validity of Outperformance Claims
Evangelia Christodoulou, Annika Reinke, Pascaline André, and 23 more authors
@article{christodoulou2025false,title={False Promises in Medical Imaging AI? Assessing Validity of Outperformance Claims},author={Christodoulou, Evangelia and Reinke, Annika and Andr{\'e}, Pascaline and Godau, Patrick and Kalinowski, Piotr and Houhou, Rola and Erkan, Selen and Sudre, Carole H and Burgos, Ninon and Boutaj, Sofi{\`e}ne and Loizillon, Sophie and Solal, Ma{\"e}lys and Cheplygina, Veronika and Heitz, Charles and Kozubek, Michal and Antonelli, Michela and Rieke, Nicola and Gilson, Antoine and Mayer, Leon and Tizabi, Minu D and Cardoso, M Jorge and Simpson, Amber and Kopp-Schneider, Annette and Varoquaux, Ga{\"e}l and Colliot, Olivier and Maier-Hein, Lena},journal={arXiv preprint},year={2025},}
arXiv
Bridging vision language model (VLM) evaluation gaps with a framework for scalable and cost-effective benchmark generation
Tim Rädsch, Leon Mayer, Simon Pavicic, and 8 more authors
@article{radsch2025bridging,title={Bridging vision language model (VLM) evaluation gaps with a framework for scalable and cost-effective benchmark generation},author={R{\"a}dsch, Tim and Mayer, Leon and Pavicic, Simon and Kavur, A Emre and Knopp, Marcel and {\"O}zt{\"u}rk, Bar{\i}{\c{s}} and Maier-Hein, Klaus and Jaeger, Paul F and Isensee, Fabian and Reinke, Annika and Maier-Hein, Lena},journal={arXiv preprint},year={2025},}
Sleep Med
Nadir heart rate as a novel risk marker of postoperative complications-a propensity matched analysis
Jesper Mølgaard, Leon Mayer, Søren Straarup Rasmussen, and 5 more authors
@article{molgaard2025nadir,title={Nadir heart rate as a novel risk marker of postoperative complications-a propensity matched analysis},author={M{\o}lgaard, Jesper and Mayer, Leon and Rasmussen, S{\o}ren Straarup and Haahr-Raunkj{\ae}r, Camilla and Achiam, Michael Patrick and J{\o}rgensen, Lars Nannestad and Meyhoff, Christian Sylvest and Aasvang, Eske Kvanner},journal={Sleep Medicine},year={2025},publisher={Elsevier},}
2024
Comms Med
Robotic scrub nurse to anticipate surgical instruments based on real-time laparoscopic video analysis
Lars Wagner, Sara Jourdan, Leon Mayer, and 10 more authors
@article{wagner2024robotic,title={Robotic scrub nurse to anticipate surgical instruments based on real-time laparoscopic video analysis},author={Wagner, Lars and Jourdan, Sara and Mayer, Leon and M{\"u}ller, Carolin and Bernhard, Lukas and Kolb, Sven and Harb, Farid and Jell, Alissa and Berlet, Maximilian and Feussner, Hubertus and Buxmann, Peter and Knoll, Alois and Wilhelm, Dirk},journal={Communications Medicine},volume={4},number={1},pages={156},year={2024},publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London},}
IJCARS
Towards multimodal graph neural networks for surgical instrument anticipation
Lars Wagner, Dennis N Schneider, Leon Mayer, and 5 more authors
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 2024
@article{wagner2024towards,title={Towards multimodal graph neural networks for surgical instrument anticipation},author={Wagner, Lars and Schneider, Dennis N and Mayer, Leon and Jell, Alissa and M{\"u}ller, Carolin and Lenz, Alexander and Knoll, Alois and Wilhelm, Dirk},journal={International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery},volume={19},number={10},pages={1929--1937},year={2024},publisher={Springer},}
MICCAI
Confidence intervals uncovered: Are we ready for real-world medical imaging AI?
Evangelia Christodoulou, Annika Reinke, Rola Houhou, and 19 more authors
In International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI), 2024
@inproceedings{christodoulou2024confidence,title={Confidence intervals uncovered: Are we ready for real-world medical imaging AI?},author={Christodoulou, Evangelia and Reinke, Annika and Houhou, Rola and Kalinowski, Piotr and Erkan, Selen and Sudre, Carole H and Burgos, Ninon and Boutaj, Sofi{\`e}ne and Loizillon, Sophie and Solal, Ma{\"e}lys and Rieke, Nicola and Cheplygina, Veronika and Antonelli, Michela and Mayer, Leon D and Tizabi, Minu D and Cardoso, M Jorge and Simpson, Amber and J{\"a}ger, Paul F and Kopp-Schneider, Annette and Varoquaux, Ga{\"e}l and Colliot, Olivier and Maier-Hein, Lena},booktitle={International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI)},pages={124--132},year={2024},organization={Springer},}
2022
EMBC
Prediction of Serious Adverse Events from Nighttime Vital Signs Values
Leon Mayer, Søren M Rasmussen, Jesper Mølgaard, and 4 more authors
In 2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), 2022
@inproceedings{mayer2022prediction,title={Prediction of Serious Adverse Events from Nighttime Vital Signs Values},author={Mayer, Leon and Rasmussen, S{\o}ren M and M{\o}lgaard, Jesper and Gu, Ying and Aasvang, Eske K and Meyhoff, Christian S and S{\o}rensen, Helge B D},booktitle={2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine \& Biology Society (EMBC)},pages={2631--2634},year={2022},organization={IEEE},}
2021
Sensors
A deep learning-based camera approach for vital sign monitoring using thermography images for ICU patients
Simon Lyra, Leon Mayer, Liyang Ou, and 7 more authors
@article{lyra2021deep,title={A deep learning-based camera approach for vital sign monitoring using thermography images for ICU patients},author={Lyra, Simon and Mayer, Leon and Ou, Liyang and Chen, David and Timms, Paddy and Tay, Andrew and Chan, Peter Y and Ganse, Bergita and Leonhardt, Steffen and Hoog Antink, Christoph},journal={Sensors},volume={21},number={4},pages={1495},year={2021},publisher={MDPI},}
2020
DAGA
Child-appropriate experiment on auditory selective attention in a virtual acoustic environment
@inproceedings{loh2020child,title={Child-appropriate experiment on auditory selective attention in a virtual acoustic environment},author={Loh, Karin and Hoog, A and Bernhard, C and Mayer, L and Fels, J},booktitle={Fortschritte der Akustik: DAGA},year={2020},}
